先上效果图。

游戏的实现主要基于EasyX图形库，有暂停界面、结束界面、游戏音效、游戏存档，并最终集成为一个exe文件。可谓麻雀虽小，五脏俱全 。这里先放出源代码和下载链接，以后有时间会以此为例写一个C++小游戏开发教程系列。

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1sBPD-LTGCTa7bfkI1RloXg
提取码：8848

组件类及其定义：

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#pragma once
#include<graphics.h>
#include<utility>
using namespace std;
typedef pair<double, double> BVec;

class Object
{
    int _x;
    int _y;            //组件基类的四个成员，逻辑坐标(x,y)，运动速度v，加速度g，贴图ptr、掩码ym_ptr
    int _width;
    int _height;
    BVec _v;
    BVec _g;
    IMAGE _ptr;
    IMAGE ym_ptr;
public:
    Object(LPCTSTR path, LPCTSTR ympath, int width, int height, int posx= 0, int posy= 0);//构造函数
    Object(LPCTSTR path,  int width, int height, int posx = 0, int posy = 0);
    Object(LPCTSTR path);
    Object():_x(0),_y(0),_width(0),_height(0),_v(make_pair(0,0)),_g(make_pair(0,0)){}
    int x()const{ return _x; };
    int y()const { return _y; };
    BVec v()const { return _v; };   //数据成员操作接口
    BVec g()const { return _g; }
    int width()const { return _width; };
    int height()const { return _height; };
    void setx(int newx) { _x = newx; };
    void sety(int newy) { _y = newy; };
    void setv(int x, int y) { _v.first = x; _v.second = y; };
    void setvx(int x) { _v.first = x; };
    void setvy(int y) { _v.second = y; }
    void setg(BVec newg) { _g = newg; };
    void setptr(IMAGE newptr) { _ptr = newptr; }
    void setptr_ym(IMAGE newptr_ym) { ym_ptr = newptr_ym; }
    void setwidth(int newwidth) { _width = newwidth; }
    void setheight(int newheight) { _height = newheight; }
    void move();//此方法更新组件位置。
    void show_n()const; //显示组件，不显示掩码
    void show()const;  //显示组件和掩码
    ~Object() { };

};
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#include "Object.h"
Object::Object(LPCTSTR path,LPCTSTR ympath, int width, int height, int posx , int posy )
{
    loadimage(&_ptr, _T("PNG"), path, width, height);
    loadimage(&ym_ptr,_T("PNG"), ympath, width, height);
    _x = posx;
    _y = posy;
    _width = width;
    _height = height;
    _v.first = 0;
    _v.second = 0;
    _g.first = 0;
    _g.second = 0;
}
Object::Object(LPCTSTR path, int width, int height, int posx , int posy )
{
    loadimage(&_ptr, _T("PNG"),path, width, height);
    _x = posx;
    _y = posy;
    _width = width;
    _height = height;
    _v.first = 0;
    _v.second = 0;
    _g.first = 0;
    _g.second = 0;
}
Object::Object(LPCTSTR path)
{
    loadimage(&_ptr, path);
    _x = 0;
    _y = 0;
    _width = _ptr.getwidth();
    _height = _ptr.getheight();
    _v.first = 0;
    _v.second = 0;
    _g.first = 0;
    _g.second = 0;
}
void Object::move()
{
    _x += _v.first;
    _y += _v.second;
    _v.first += _g.first;
    _v.second += _g.second;
}
void Object::show_n()const
{
    putimage(_x, _y, &_ptr); 
}
void Object::show()const
{
    putimage(_x, _y, &ym_ptr, SRCAND);
    putimage(_x, _y, &_ptr, SRCPAINT);
}

角色类及其定义

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#pragma once
#include "Object.h"
#include<vector>
class bird :        //角色类继承组件类（游戏角色只有小鸟，故名为小鸟类）
    public Object   //添加动作序列、死亡贴图
{
    vector<IMAGE> seq;
    vector<IMAGE> seq_ym;
    IMAGE die;
    IMAGE die_ym;
    int index = 0;
public:
    bird();
    void add_seq(LPCTSTR path,LPCTSTR ympath);//添加动作序列
    void add_die(LPCTSTR path, LPCTSTR ympath);//添加死亡贴图
    void select_next();//切换动作
    IMAGE& getdie() { return die; }
    IMAGE& getdie_ym() { return die_ym; }
 };
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#include "bird.h"
#include "GamePragma.h"
#include<utility>
using std::make_pair;
void bird::add_seq(LPCTSTR path,LPCTSTR ympath)
{
    IMAGE img,ym;
    loadimage(&img,_T("PNG"), path);
    loadimage(&ym, _T("PNG"),ympath);
    seq.push_back(img);
    seq_ym.push_back(ym);
    setptr(seq.back());
    setptr_ym(seq_ym.back());
    setwidth(img.getwidth());
    setheight(img.getheight());
}
void bird::select_next()
{
    int len = seq.size();
    if (index == len - 1)
    {
        index = 0;
    }
    else index++;
    setptr(seq[index]);
    setptr_ym(seq_ym[index]);
}
bird::bird()
{
    setg(make_pair(0, gravity));
    setx(100);
    sety(200);
}
void bird::add_die(LPCTSTR path, LPCTSTR ympath)
{
    loadimage(&die, _T("PNG"), path);
    loadimage(&die_ym,_T("PNG"), ympath);
}

障碍物类及其实现

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#pragma once
#include "Object.h"
class Tube :        //管道类继承组件类，添加方向、和小鸟是否通过。
    public Object
{
    int direction;
    bool if_pass ;
public:
    Tube(LPCTSTR path, LPCTSTR ympath, int width, int height, int posx, int posy,int d);
    int getd()const { return direction; }
    bool getp() { return if_pass; }
    void setp(bool p) { if_pass = p; }
};
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#include "Tube.h"
Tube::Tube(LPCTSTR path, LPCTSTR ympath, int width, int height, int posx, int posy, int d) :
    Object(path, ympath, width, height, posx, posy)
{
    direction = d;
    if_pass = false;
}

游戏参数定义

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#pragma once
#define WinWidth 800
#define WinHeight 600
#define gravity 0.5
#define BirdUpdate 5
#define TubeWidth 90
#define TubeSpeed -3.5
#define BirdJump -9
#define TubeGenerateSpeed 85
#define CloudSpeed -5

用到的函数

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含游戏运作需要的函数
#pragma once
#include "Object.h"
#include "GamePragma.h"
#include<vector>
#include<cmath>
#include "bird.h"
#include"Tube.h"
#include<ctime>
#include<random>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void PlayBg(Object& bg1,Object& bg2)//播放背景
{
    bg1.show_n();
    bg2.setx(bg1.x() + WinWidth);
    bg2.show_n();
    bg1.move();
    bg2.move();
    if (bg1.x() == -WinWidth)bg1.setx(0);
}
void PlayCloud(vector<Object>& cloud,int& count,long double runtime)//播放云
{
    if (!count)
    {
        cloud.push_back(Object(_T("cloud"), _T("cloud_ym"), 0, 0, 800, rand()%400));
        cloud.back().setvx(CloudSpeed);
    }
    for (auto& c : cloud)
    {
        c.show();
        c.move();
    }
    if (count == 130)count = 0;
    else count++;
    if (cloud.front().x() <= -200)
    {
        cloud.erase(cloud.begin());
    }
}
void PlayBird(bird& b,int& flyfreq,bool start)//播放鸟
{
    b.show();
    if(start)
    b.move();


    if (flyfreq == 8)
    {
        b.select_next();
        flyfreq = 0;
    }
    else flyfreq++;

}
int TubeGenerator()//生成障碍物高度。所用的分布与正态分布图像关于x轴对称
{
    mt19937 rng;
    rng.seed(std::random_device()());
    std::uniform_int_distribution<int> dist(30, 390);
    int h = dist(rng);
    if (h >= 210)h -= 180;
    else h += 180;
    return h;
}
void PlayTube(vector<Tube>& tube, int& count)//播放障碍物
{
    if (!count)
    {
        int h = TubeGenerator();
        tube.push_back(Tube(_T("tube"), _T("tube_ym"), TubeWidth, h, 800, 0,0));
        tube.back().setvx(TubeSpeed);
        tube.push_back(Tube(_T("rtube"), _T("rtube_ym"), TubeWidth, 400-h, 800, 200+h, 1));
        tube.back().setvx(TubeSpeed);

    }
    if (count == TubeGenerateSpeed)count = 0;
    else count++;
    for (auto& t : tube)
    {
        t.show();
        t.move();
    }

    if (!tube.empty()&&tube.front().x() <= -100)
    {
        tube.erase(tube.begin());
        tube.erase(tube.begin());
    }
}
int CheckColid(const vector<Tube>& tube,const bird& b)//碰撞检测
{
    int bx1 = b.x();
    int by1 = b.y();
    int bx2 = bx1 + b.width();
    int by2 = by1 + b.height();
    for (int i =0; i < tube.size(); i++)
    {
        int d = tube[i].getd();
        int tx1 = tube[i].x();
        int ty1 = tube[i].y();
        int tx2 = tx1 + tube[i].width();
        int ty2 = ty1 + tube[i].height();
        bool s1 = (d == 0 && tx1 <= bx1 && bx1 <= tx2 && (by1+20) <= ty2);
        bool s2= (d == 0 && tx1 <= bx2-5 && bx2-5 <= tx2 && by1 <= ty2);
        bool s3= (d == 1 && tx1 <= bx1+20 && bx1+20 <= tx2 && by2-5 >= ty1);
        bool s4= (d == 1 && tx1 <= bx2-20 && bx2-20 <= tx2 && by2-5 >= ty1);
        if (s1 || s2 || s3 || s4)return true;
    }
    return false;
}
void PlayBirdDie(bird& b)//播放鸟死亡动画
{
    b.setvy(5);
    b.setptr(b.getdie());
    b.setptr_ym(b.getdie_ym());
    b.show();
    b.move();
}
void add_score(vector<Tube>&tube, long int& score)//计分器
{
    for (auto it = tube.begin(); it != tube.end(); it++)
    {
        if ((*it).getp() == false)
        {
            if ((*it).x() <= 20)
            {
                (*it).setp(true);
                score++;
                it++;
                (*it).setp(true);
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}
int GetPauseMenuAct(ExMessage& p)//获取玩家在用户界面的操作
{
    if (329 <= p.x && p.x <= 468 && 147 <= p.y && p.y <= 186)return 1;
    if (329 <= p.x && p.x <= 468 && 260 <= p.y && p.y <= 300)return 2;
    if (329 <= p.x && p.x <= 468 && 375 <= p.y && p.y <= 413)return 3;
    return 0;
}
int GetOverMenuAct(ExMessage& p)//获取玩家在结束界面的操作
{
    if (330 <= p.x && p.x <= 470 && 320 <= p.y && p.y <= 360)return 1;
    if (330 <= p.x && p.x <= 470 && 395 <= p.y && p.y <= 435)return 2;
    return 0;
}

主函数

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#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<windows.h>
#include "Object.h"
#include "function.h"
#include<vector>
#include<ctime>
#include<windows.h>
#include"Tube.h"
#include<string>
#include<fstream>
#include<Mmsystem.h>
#include<dsound.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"WINMM.LIB")
#define KEY_DOWN(VK_NONAME) ((GetAsyncKeyState(VK_NONAME) & 0x8000) ? 1:0)
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    initgraph(800, 600);
    BEGIN:
    Object Background1(_T("Background"), 800, 600);             //加载贴图资源及相关变量
    Object Background2(_T("Background"), 800, 600);

    Background1.setv(-1, 0);
    Background2.setv(-1, 0);

    Object pausemenu(_T("pausemenu"), _T("pausemenu_ym"),400,450,200,50);
    Object overmenu(_T("overmenu"), _T("overmenu_ym"), 400, 450, 200,-500);
    Object startflag(_T("startflag"), _T("startflag_ym"), 0, 0, 200, 200);
    bird b;
    b.add_seq(_T("bird1"), _T("bird1_ym"));
    b.add_seq(_T("bird2"), _T("bird2_ym"));
    b.add_seq(_T("bird3"), _T("bird3_ym"));
    b.add_seq(_T("bird4"), _T("bird4_ym"));
    b.add_die(_T("bird_die"), _T("bird_die_ym"));
    vector<Tube> tube;
    vector<Object> cloud;
    int cloudcount = 0;
    int tubecount = 0;
    int flyfreq = 0;
    int birdcount = 0;

    time_t begin, now;
    double runtime;
    begin = clock();
    bool start = false;

    long int score = 0;
    settextstyle(50, 0, _T("JandaManateesolid"));

    setbkmode(TRANSPARENT);
    BeginBatchDraw();
    bool firstflag = true;
    bool LASTKEYDOWN = false;

    GAMING:
    while (true)//主循环
    {
        if (_kbhit())         //检测是否按下ESC键暂停
        {
            int a = _getch();
            if (a == 27)
            {

                pausemenu.show();
                FlushBatchDraw();
                ExMessage m;
                while (1)
                {
                    peekmessage(&m);
                    if (KEY_DOWN(VK_LBUTTON))  //检测选择
                    {                    
                            int selection = GetPauseMenuAct(m);
                            switch (selection)
                            {
                            case 0:break;
                            case 1:
                                PlaySound(TEXT("click"), NULL, SND_RESOURCE | SND_ASYNC );//播放点击音效
                                Sleep(100);
                                goto GAMING;  //选择Resume，回到主循环

                            case 2:
                                PlaySound(TEXT("click"), NULL, SND_RESOURCE | SND_ASYNC );
                                goto BEGIN;   //选择Restart，跳转到开始
                            case 3:
                                PlaySound(TEXT("click"), NULL, SND_RESOURCE | SND_ASYNC );
                                Sleep(100);   //选择Exit退出游戏
                                exit(1);
                            }

                    }

                }

            }
        }    
        now = clock();
        runtime = (now - begin) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;   //记录游戏运行时间
        PlayBg(Background1, Background2);        
        PlayCloud(cloud, cloudcount, runtime);    //使各贴图运动
        PlayBird(b, flyfreq,start);

        if (start)
        {
            PlayTube(tube, tubecount);  //游戏进行过程加载障碍物和计分器
            add_score(tube, score);
        }
        TCHAR scorestr[10];
        _stprintf_s(scorestr, _T("%d"), score);

        outtextxy(380- 13 * (to_string(score).length() - 1), 20, scorestr); //打印分数

        if (KEY_DOWN(VK_LBUTTON))    //检测是否单击鼠标左键并松开。
        {
            if (!LASTKEYDOWN)
            {
                b.setvy(BirdJump);   //重设速度使小鸟跳跃
                start = true;
                LASTKEYDOWN = true;
                PlaySound(TEXT("plop"), NULL, SND_RESOURCE | SND_ASYNC );//播放音效        
            }

        }
        else
        {
            LASTKEYDOWN = false;
        }

        FlushBatchDraw();//刷新帧
        if (CheckColid(tube, b) || b.y() >= 620||b.y()<=-50) //死亡检测
        {

            PlaySound(TEXT("die"), NULL, SND_RESOURCE | SND_ASYNC);//播放结束音乐及动画
            b.setvy(-5);
            b.setptr(b.getdie());
            b.setptr_ym(b.getdie_ym());
            ifstream f("data.dat", ios::binary | ios::in);
            long int best;
            if (!f.is_open())                             //更新最高分
            {
                f.close();
                ofstream fo("data.dat", ios::binary);
                fo.write((char*)&score, sizeof(long int));
                best = score;
                fo.close();
            }
            else
            {
                f.read((char*)&best, sizeof(long int));
                if (score > best)
                {
                    best = score;
                    f.close();
                    ofstream fo("data.dat", ios::binary);
                    fo.write((char*)&score,sizeof(score));
                    fo.close();
                }
                f.close();
            }
            while (true)  //死亡动画次循环
            {
                PlayBg(Background1, Background2);
                for (auto& c : cloud)
                {
                    c.show();
                }
                for (auto& t : tube)
                {
                    t.show();
                }
                outtextxy(370 , 20, scorestr);
                b.show();
                b.move();            
                FlushBatchDraw();
                Sleep(1);
                if (b.y() >= 620)
                {
                    ExMessage m;
                    overmenu.setvy(10);
                    TCHAR scorestr[10];
                    _stprintf_s(scorestr, _T("%d"), score);

                    TCHAR beststr[10];
                    _stprintf_s(beststr, _T("%d"), best);
                    while (true)  //结束菜单播放次循环
                    {
                        PlayBg(Background1, Background2);
                        for (auto& c : cloud)
                        {
                            c.show();
                        }
                        for (auto& t : tube)
                        {
                            t.show();
                        }
                        overmenu.show();
                        outtextxy(395-13*(to_string(score).length()-1), overmenu.y()+110, scorestr);
                        outtextxy(395 - 13 * (to_string(best).length() - 1), overmenu.y() + 200, beststr);
                        if (overmenu.y() < 50)
                        {
                            overmenu.move();
                        }
                        else
                        {

                            while (true)//等候操作次循环
                            {
                                peekmessage(&m);
                                if (KEY_DOWN(VK_LBUTTON))
                                {
                                    int selection = GetOverMenuAct(m);
                                    switch (selection)
                                    {
                                    case 1: 
                                        PlaySound(TEXT("click"), NULL, SND_RESOURCE | SND_ASYNC );
                                        goto BEGIN;
                                    case 2: 
                                        PlaySound(TEXT("click"), NULL, SND_RESOURCE | SND_ASYNC );
                                        Sleep(100);
                                        exit(1);
                                    default: break;
                                    }
                                }

                            }
                            closegraph();
                        }
                        FlushBatchDraw();
                        Sleep(1);
                    }

                }
            }

        }
        Sleep(1);
    }

    EndBatchDraw();

    closegraph();
    return 0;
}